Hydroformylation of 2,5‐norbornadiene in organic/aqueous two‐phase system and acceleration by cationic surfactants

The organic/aqueous biphasic hydroformylation of 2,5‐norbornadiene (NBD) was investigated for the first time using HRh(CO)(TPPTS)₃ (TPPTS: trisodium salt of tri(m‐sulphonylphenyl)phosphine) as the catalyst precursor. A comparison was made of homogeneous and biphasic systems. The optimum reaction parameters are discussed and the reaction mechanism is presented. In order to ensure the process attained high activity under moderate conditions, the effect of various cationic surfactants was tested in the biphasic hydroformylation of NBD. The results indicated that the hydroformylation of NBD in the biphasic system exhibited high activity and high selectivity to dialdehyde products under mild conditions. The addition of cationic surfactants markedly accelerated the reaction. A single long‐chain surfactant seemed to exert a greater impact on the hydroformylation of NBD than a double long‐chain surfactant. Moreover, the recycling of aqueous solution containing catalyst with or without surfactant was investigated. In the absence of the surfactant, the aqueous catalyst could be recycled six times without a significant decrease in activity and selectivity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

光电催化用于高附加值化学品合成

化石燃料的过度消耗导致了能源短缺和环境破坏,因此可再生清洁能源的开发已成为当务之急.在众多可再生能源中,太阳能因其环境友好,储量巨大且分布广泛等特点而引起了研究者们的兴趣.光电催化(PEC)是一种能够将可再生太阳能转化为化学能的方法,而最受关注的是通过PEC水分解来获得高附加值的氢能源.欲使PEC系统实现水分解,理论上...     

一种新的结构损伤识别试验方法研究

提出在构件上增设附加质量来模拟结构损伤的试验方法,证明了质量增加与刚度降低的等价关系.以简支梁为例,给出了采用附加沙袋法、悬挂质量法两种附加质量方式模拟结构损伤的具体试验方案,完成了多工况下简支梁附加质量模拟结构损伤的动测试验.通过试验验证了本文所提方法的正确性,得出了在梁构件上采用附加沙袋法可准确模拟出不同损伤位置、...     

硒试剂光度法测定钢铁及加硒碘盐中的微量硒

以3,3'－二氨基联苯胺（硒试剂）作显色剂,加足量乙二胺四乙酸二钠（EDTA）掩蔽铁等金属离子,在pH为2－3的甲酸介质中显色,在pH为6－7时,用甲苯萃取硒（Ⅳ）－硒试剂络合物。当溶液中的硒（Ⅳ）含量大于20μg/10mL时,不用萃取硒（Ⅳ）-硒试剂络合物,直接测定。该方法用于钢铁及加硒碘盐中微理硒的测定,结果满意。     

TLC原位拉曼光谱法快速检测减肥类保健食品中非法添加的四种成分

建立薄层色谱(TLC)与拉曼光谱联用方法,并对减肥类保健食品中非法添加的四种化学成分(茶碱、咖啡因、苯丙酸诺龙、螺内酯)进行检测。采用TLC法将掺杂成分与保健食品基质进行初步分离,在紫外灯(254 nm)下检视定位,以780 nm激光为光源,对TLC上微量掺杂成分的斑点原位,直接检测浓集点的拉曼光谱。考察不同配方保健食品基质对掺杂成分拉曼光谱的影响,并对检测限进行验证,初步建立了减肥类保健食品中四种掺杂成分的TLC原位拉曼光谱检测方法。常用保健食品基质对掺杂成分检测结果无干扰,检测限为2~4 μg,在九种减肥类保健食品中检测出两种含有咖啡因。该研究建立了TLC与拉曼光谱联用技术并采用此方法快速鉴别了减肥保健食品中茶碱等四种非法添加化学成分,本法专属、灵敏、快速、简便,可为保健食品中非法添加化学成分的快速检测技术研究提供新的参考依据。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱法测定防脱发化妆品中19种非法添加化学成分

建立了超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)法,结合高分辨质谱数据库,用于快速筛查及定量分析防脱发化妆品中19种非法添加化学成分.实验比较了提取溶剂的影响,优化了色谱条件和质谱条件.采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(100 mm×2.1 mm,1.7μm)进行色谱分离,以乙...     

整合EVA的上市公司绩效评价模型研究

本文采用经济附加值(EVA)对传统绩效评价模式进行改进,建立了整合EVA的绩效评价(IEPM)模型。以我国沪深两市A股上市公司为研究对象,采用BP神经网络检验整合EVA的绩效评价模型相对于传统绩效评价模式的有效性,并运用统计方法对检验结果进行分析,发现整合EVA的绩效评价模型在评价上市公司的经营业绩时要明显优于传统绩效评价模式,而且其预测能力也显著强于传统绩效评价模式。这说明绩效评价模式在整合EVA之后可以更真实地反映公司的经营业绩,用它来评价和预测公司业绩将更为有效。     

Utilization of TXRF analytical technique in order to improve front-end semiconductor processing

In this paper, we summarize how the introduction of in-line TXRF monitoring provides detailed analytical information on aluminum, titanium and molybdenum contamination levels in order to improve several process steps from front-end processing, minimize product yield loss and make it possible to successfully manufacture multiple products and process geometries in the same fabrication platform.     

两个垂直圆柱在水波中的水动力相互作用

基于线性势流理论研究了两个垂直圆柱在水波中的水动力相互作用．两个圆柱中的一个固定在底部，另一个铰接在底部且可以在入射波方向以小振幅振动．本文研究了绕射波和辐射波，运用加法定理得到了每个圆柱表面速度势的简单的解析表达式，用级数形式显式表示了圆柱上的波浪激励力和力矩及振动圆柱的附加质量和辐射阻尼系数．级数的系数由代数方程组的解决定．给出了一些数值例子以说明诸如间距、圆柱的相对大小、入射角等各种参数对一阶力、定常二阶力、附加质量和辐射阻尼系数以及振动圆柱的响应等的影响．     

Living cationic polymerization of azobenzene‐containing vinyl ether and its photoresponsive behavior

The living cationic polymerization of 4‐[2‐(vinyloxy)ethoxy]azobenzene (AzoVE) was achieved with various Lewis acids in the presence of an ester as an added base. When Et_1.5AlCl_1.5 was used as a catalyst, the living polymerization system was controllable by UV irradiation as a result of cis and trans isomerization of the azobenzene side groups. Furthermore, an initiating system consisting of SnCl₄ and EtAlCl₂ realized fast living polymerization of AzoVE. The polymerization rate of this system was 3 orders of magnitude faster than that obtained with Et_1.5AlCl_1.5. Poly(4‐[2‐(vinyloxy)ethoxy]azobenzene) was soluble in a diethyl ether/hexane mixture at 25 °C but became insoluble upon irradiation with UV light. This phase‐transition behavior was sensitive and reversible upon irradiation with UV or visible light and reflected the change in polarity occurring with cis and trans isomerization of the azobenzene side groups in the polymers. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 5138–5146, 2005